HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE

As salaam alaikum warahmatullaahi wabarakaatuhu brothers and sisters in Eemaan. We hope you, your family, friends and neighbors are in good health and in an increasing state of  Eemaan?

 We send salutations to Rasuulullaah ﷺ , his family, companions عليهم السلام and the ummaah who are holding firm to his Sunnah at large(past and present).

May Allaah guide us all to the right path.

```We have been assigned to present on ```HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE

 ```We have all at least heard of  High Blood Pressure right?```

 What is high blood pressure

High Blood Pressure (HBP)  also termed as Hypertension ```is a medical condition in which the force of the blood against the artery(vessels/tubes that carry blood from the heart to other parts of the body) walls is too high.```

```What does the above statement mean? ```

 Our hearts in the normal sense pumps oxygenated blood (blood containing oxygen) to our systems, organs,  tissues and cells for respiration. The blood is supposed to be pumped with a particular pressure but a factor/problem may arise whereby the pressure used to pump the blood is high thereby leading to a condition termed high blood pressure.

 ```If someone is said to have a high blood pressure it means that the walls of the arteries are continuously receiving too much pressure   of the blood being pumped through the arteries and arterioles(smaller arteries).```

 *When we were children I heard that high blood pressure is caused by too much blood in an individual. Did you have the same information?

 

That's not actually the cause of high blood pressure.

 ♦ Let's briefly look at HBP in Ghana

 ```Are we following?```

 HYPERTENSION IN GHANA

 ```Hypertension is the number killer disease in Ghana today.```

♦ ``` Doctors at the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital say almost 70 percent of all deaths at the hospital are caused by hypertensive conditions.```

 

♦ ```The disease affects nearly one out of every five Ghanaian adults. A recent report by the Ghana Health Service says more people are becoming hypertensive due to unhealthy lifestyles.```

♦ ```Doctors explain that hypertension is a silent killer because many have it for years without realizing it. It silently damages the brain, the heart, the kidneys and the eyes.

 

♦Commonly referred to as high blood pressure or BP, hypertension is the major cause of strokes, heart attacks, heart failure and chronic renal failure. These and other blood pressure related diseases constitute more than half of all admission cases at Korle Bu.

 

The Ghana Health Service says it is the second most reported medical condition in the Greater Accra Region. Last year it was the 5th. ```

How many of us have ever gone to the hospital on the sole purpose of checking our blood pressure?

 Did any of us ever wonder why nurses check out our blood pressure first before even seeing the doctor at any time we go to hospital?

 THAT IS AN ASSIGNMENT🖊📄 FOR US.  TO BE PRESENTED NEXT WEEK

 

In shaa Allaah I have a reward for the first person to get the right answer.

 

Moderators take note of that.

DIAGNOSIS OF BLOOD PRESSURE

In measurement of blood pressure, we gauge two types of pressure:

 

Systolic pressure ```the blood pressure when the heart contracts, specifically the moment of maximum force during the contraction. This happens when the left ventricle of the heart contracts.```

 

Diastolic pressure ```the blood pressure between heartbeats, when the heart is resting and dilating (opening up, expanding).

 

When a person's blood pressure is taken the doctor or nurse needs to measure both the systolic and diastolic pressures. The figures usually appear with a larger number first (systolic pressure), followed by a smaller number (diastolic pressure). The figure will be followed by the abbreviation "mmHg," which means millimeters of mercury.

 

If you are told that your blood pressure is 120 over 80 (120/80 mmHg), it means a systolic pressure of 120mmHg and a diastolic pressure of 80mmHg.```

```The pressure needs to be chronically elevated(sustained for a period of time) for a diagnosis of Hypertension  to be confirmed. ```

 Blood pressure is severally divided into five categories:

Hypotension (low blood pressure)

```Systolic mmHg 90 or less, or

Diastolic mmHg 60 or less```

Normal

```Systolic mmHg 90-119, and

Diastolic mmHg 60-79```

 Prehypertension

```Systolic mmHg 120-139, or

Diastolic mmHg 80-89 ```

Stage 1 Hypertension

```Systolic mmHg 140-159, or

Diastolic mmHg 90-99 ```

 🔴   Stage 2 Hypertension

 

```Systolic mmHg over 160, or

Diastolic mmHg over 100```

🖊```The top number refers to the amount of pressure in your arteries during contraction of your heart muscle. This is called systolic pressure.

🖊The bottom number refers to your blood pressure when your heart muscle is between beats/relaxes. This is called diastolic pressure.```

 The page is dull 😌😌😌. The first person to raise a hand receives Ghc5 credit after the lecture in shaa Allaah.

 

NB: moderators exclusive

SYMPTOMS OF HBP

 

```Most people with high blood pressure will not experience any symptoms until levels reach about 180/110 mmHg (the extreme case of high bp) .```

 SYMPTOMS INCLUDE

 

HEADACHE: This on several occasions lasts for a number of days.

 

NAUSEA: ```This is a sensation of unease and discomfort in the stomach with an urge to vomit```

VOMITING: ```It occurs but less common than just nausea.```

DIZZINESS: ``` Lightheadedness, unsteadiness, and vertigo.```

DIZZINESS: ``` Lightheadedness, unsteadiness, and vertigo( sensation of feeling off balance. If you have these dizzy spells, you might feel like you are spinning or that the world around you is spinning)```

DIPLOPIA: ```Diplopia is the subjective complaint of seeing 2 images instead of 1 and it is often referred to as double-vision or blurred vision in lay parlance.```

EPISTAXIS: ``` A nosebleed, is the common occurrence of bleeding from the nose.```

PALPITATIONS: ```It is a disagreeable sensations of irregular and/or forceful beating of the heart.```

DYSPNEA:  ```Breathlessness, shortness of breath.```

_When any of the above👆🏾👆🏾👆🏾 is observed by any of us we need to quickly see the doctor 🔬💉💉💊💊_

 

COMPLICATIONS

 

```Uncontrolled/untreated hypertension leads to excessive pressure on the artery walls which may lead to damage of the blood vessels and that may lead to cardiovascular disease, as well as vital organs. ```

Examples of some complications include;

STROKE: ```In this scenario blood flow to the brain is impaired by blockage or rupture of an artery to the brain, and brain cells die.```

HEART ATTACK: ```The heart muscle dies due to a loss of blood supply.```

HEART FAILURE: ```The heart struggles to pump enough blood to meet the needs of the whole body. This happens because after pumping blood against higher pressure into the blood vessels the heart muscle thickens.```

BLOOD CLOT: ```Some  of the liquid blood clots into a solid (thrombus). The clots can cause serious complications.```

ANEURYSM: ```A bulge forms on the wall of a vein, artery or the heart. The wall is weakened and may rupture.```

KIDNEY DISEASE: ``` Hypertension often damages the small blood vessels in the kidneys, resulting in a wide range of kidney diseases.```

 

EYES: (Hypertensive retinopathy) - ```Untreated hypertension can lead to thickened, narrowed or torn blood vessels in the eyes, which can lead to vision loss.```

PLEASE ARE WE FOLLOWING?

METABOLIC SYNDROME:  ```This is a disorder of the body's metabolism, including an enlarged waistline, low blood HDL levels (the good cholesterol ), hypertension, and high levels of insulin. If the patient has hypertension he/she is more likely to have other components of metabolic syndrome, significantly raising the risk of diabetes, stroke and heart diseases.```

We have explained. Diabetes, Cholesterol, HDL, LDL, insulin in our previous lessons so I am sure we are OK with the above point raised?

 COGNITIVE AND MEMORY PROBLEMS: ``` If the high blood pressure continues untreated the patient's ability to remember things, learn and understand concepts may be eventually become affected.```

 

CAUSES OF HBP

Causes of HBP is mainly devided into two(2) classifications.

 

➡ ```Primary HBP

➡ Secondary HBP ```

PRIMARY HBP CAUSES: ```This is also termed essential high blood pressure for which no causes have been identified.```

SECONDARY HBP CAUSES: ```This type have been linked to kidney diseases or medications someone is taking.

There's a higher risk as a person ages due to deteriorating health and continual use of medication.

Some risk factors below have been linked to secondary causes of HBP.

Ethnicity ```Research revealed that African and Asian ancestry are highly prone to HBP compared to Caucasians or indigenous Americans.```

that is to mean on a neutral ground you and I can easily develop high bp compared Donald Trump.

Age: ```The older man becomes the higher the risk of having a HBP because of the various body organs getting weak and complications it comes with. ```

That means all things being equal our parents are likely to develop high bp than us.*

Mental Stress: ```Research have proven that  mental stress especially long term have an impact on developing HBP. ```

Diabetes: ```people with diabetes are of high risk of developing HBP compared to non-diabetic.```

Family history: ```If you have family members who have HBP then there's a likelihood you may have. A study identified 8 common genetic differences that may in increase the risk of HBP.```

You and I cannot do anything to genetic factors, if it is in the family then the only thing to do is to observe a critical management procedure.

Pregnancy: ``` Pregnant women 👭 are at higher risk than their age mates who are not pregnant. ```

That doesn't mean we shouldn't marry and impregnate our wives.

High salt intake: ``` Taking too much salt increases our risk of developing HBP as reported by a research.```

Lack of exercise: ```Exercise helps in easy blood circulation and those who don't exercise sure are at a higher risk of developing HBP. ```

Smoking: ```It causes blood vessels to narrow there increasing blood pressure.```

Ganja boys

You're doing yourselves a disservice.

Temperature: ```There's an increase in bp with decrease in temperatures. This means those working under sunny conditions are less likely to develop high bp compared to those sitting under air-conditioning environment.```

Excess Fatty Foods: ```Some studies suggest that excess fats can block the lining of the arterial walls that would in effect bring about HBP.```

Some dietitians are of the view that,  not all fats(building their points from good and bad cholesterol).

Alcohol: ```Alcoholics have higher risk of developing HBP than non alcoholics.```

I know someone of us would raise 👀 for why alcoholics? Believe me some notorious Muslims drink.

Gender: ```Adult men are more more likely to develop HBP compared to women but after 60 years the likelihood levels research reveals.```

Obesity/overweight: ``` This category of people have a higher risk of developing HBP. ```

 We shall pause here for the first part and take questions.  So in shaa Allaah we would continue next week.

Thank you for your time. As salaamu alaikum warahmatullaahi wabarakaatuhu.